The self-extension of a module attached to a derivation #
Let A be an R-algebra, δ a derivation of A (an element of
TauCeti.derivationLieAlgebra R A) and M an A-module. The pairs (u, v) of elements of M
form an A-module E_δ(M) under
a • (u, v) = (a • u + δ a • v, a • v);
the Leibniz rule δ (a * b) = δ a * b + a * δ b is exactly what makes this action associative.
The maps u ↦ (u, 0) and (u, v) ↦ v are A-linear, so E_δ(M) is an extension of M by
itself:
0 → M → E_δ(M) → M → 0.
Writing (u, v) = v + ε u with ε² = 0, the module E_δ(M) is M[ε] with a acting through
a + ε δ a, so it is the first-order deformation of M in the direction of δ. Changing δ by
the inner derivation ad b = ⁅b, -⁆ does not change the extension: (u, v) ↦ (u + b • v, v) is
an isomorphism E_δ(M) ≅ E_(δ + ad b)(M) compatible with both maps. These are the extensions
through which outer derivations of A give classes in Ext¹_A(M, M); this file constructs the
extensions themselves, not their Ext classes.
When A carries a topology, δ is continuous and M is a discrete module, E_δ(M) is again
discrete, and the short exact sequence lives in the abelian category of discrete A-modules.
Main definitions #
TauCeti.DerivationExtension δ M: the moduleE_δ(M), with coordinatesfst = u,snd = v.TauCeti.DerivationExtension.inlHom,TauCeti.DerivationExtension.sndHom: the inclusionu ↦ (u, 0)and the projection(u, v) ↦ v.TauCeti.DerivationExtension.map: functoriality inM.TauCeti.DerivationExtension.innerEquiv: forδ' = δ + innerDerivation R b, the isomorphism(u, v) ↦ (u + b • v, v)fromE_δ(M)toE_δ'(M).TauCeti.DerivationExtension.shortComplex: the short complexM → E_δ(M) → MinModuleCat A, andTauCeti.DerivationExtension.functor: the same, as a functor ofM.TauCeti.DerivationExtension.functorInnerIso: the natural isomorphism of short complexes induced byinnerEquiv, the identity on both ends.TauCeti.DerivationExtension.discreteShortComplex: the short complex in the full subcategory of discrete modules, for a continuous derivation.
Main results #
TauCeti.DerivationExtension.shortExact_shortComplex:0 → M → E_δ(M) → M → 0is short exact.TauCeti.DerivationExtension.innerEquiv_zero,TauCeti.DerivationExtension.innerEquiv_trans: the comparison forb = 0is the identity, and the comparisons forbandb'compose to the comparison forb + b'.TauCeti.discreteModules_derivationExtension:E_δ(M)is discrete whenδis continuous andMis discrete.TauCeti.DerivationExtension.shortExact_discreteShortComplex: the sequence is short exact in the category of discrete modules.
Implementation notes #
DerivationExtension δ M is a structure rather than a synonym for M × M: the product already
carries the componentwise A-module structure, which is a different one. The additive group is
transported from M × M along DerivationExtension.equivProd.
The bodies of shortComplex, functor and discreteShortComplex are exposed: their objects and
maps are the data a consumer computes with, and their simps lemmas are proved by unfolding.
References #
- Edward Frenkel, Langlands Correspondence for Loop Groups, for the role of first-order deformations of modules over the completed enveloping algebra at the critical level.
The self-extension E_δ(M) of a module M attached to a derivation δ: pairs (u, v)
of elements of M, on which a acts by a • (u, v) = (a • u + δ a • v, a • v). The first
coordinate carries the submodule M and the second the quotient M.
- fst : M
The coordinate
uof(u, v), in which the submoduleMsits. - snd : M
The coordinate
vof(u, v), the image in the quotientM.
Instances For
The underlying set of E_δ(M) is M × M.
Instances For
The inclusion u ↦ (u, 0) of the submodule M into E_δ(M).
Instances For
The projection (u, v) ↦ v of E_δ(M) onto the quotient M.
Instances For
E_δ(M) is an extension of M by M: the kernel of the projection is the image of the
inclusion.
The functoriality of E_δ(-): a linear map f acts coordinatewise.
Instances For
Changing a derivation by an inner derivation does not change its self-extension: when
δ' = δ + ad b, the map (u, v) ↦ (u + b • v, v) is an isomorphism E_δ(M) ≃ E_δ'(M).
Instances For
The comparison innerEquiv restricts to the identity on the submodule M.
The comparison innerEquiv induces the identity on the quotient M.
The comparison innerEquiv is natural in M.
The comparison for the zero inner derivation is the identity.
The comparisons for b and b' compose to the comparison for b + b'.
The inverse of the comparison for b is the comparison for -b.
The self-extension 0 → M → E_δ(M) → M → 0, as a short complex in ModuleCat A.
Instances For
The self-extension of M attached to a derivation is a short exact sequence.
The self-extension 0 → M → E_δ(M) → M → 0, as a functor of M.
Instances For
When δ' = δ + ad b, the self-extensions attached to δ and δ' are isomorphic as
extensions, naturally in M: the isomorphism is innerEquiv in the middle and the identity on
both ends.
Instances For
The self-extension of a discrete module along a continuous derivation is discrete.
For a continuous derivation δ and a discrete module M, the self-extension
0 → M → E_δ(M) → M → 0, as a short complex in the category of discrete modules.
Instances For
The inclusion of discrete modules sends discreteShortComplex to shortComplex.
The self-extension of a discrete module along a continuous derivation is short exact in the category of discrete modules.