The real model of a positive definite rational lattice #
Let M be a positive definite integral lattice in a rational vector space V. Extending scalars
to ℝ, the form of M becomes a positive definite symmetric bilinear form on ℝ ⊗[ℚ] V, hence
an inner product. The space ℝ ⊗[ℚ] V with this inner product is the Euclidean space
TauCeti.IntegralLattice.RealModelSpace, and the image 1 ⊗ M of the carrier is the
real model TauCeti.IntegralLattice.realModel of M: a full integral ℤ-lattice in it.
This is the converse of the rational model ZLattice.ratModel of an integral lattice in a real
inner product space, and the two constructions are mutually inverse up to isometry:
- the rational model of the real model of
Mis isometric toM(TauCeti.IntegralLattice.ratModelRealModelIsometry); - the real model of the rational model of an integral full lattice
L ⊆ Eis carried ontoLby a linear isometry equivalence of its real model space withE(ZLattice.realModelRatModelIsometry).
The rational embedding also identifies the dual carrier with the dual real lattice
(realModelDualEquiv) and the discriminant groups (realModelDiscriminantGroupEquiv). The
latter preserves the discriminant pairing and, for even lattices, the half-norm quadratic map,
read through ZLattice.ratModelDiscriminantGroupEquiv. Thus discriminant-form computations on
the rational lattice apply to the real model without introducing another discriminant form.
Moreover a real linear isometry carrying one real model onto another induces an isometry of the
rational lattices (TauCeti.IntegralLattice.Isometry.ofRealModel), so that facts proved about
isometry classes of rational lattices, such as non-isometry, transfer to the real models.
Main definitions #
TauCeti.IntegralLattice.RealModelSpace M hM: the real inner product spaceℝ ⊗[ℚ] V.TauCeti.IntegralLattice.realModelMap M hM: the rational embeddingV → ℝ ⊗[ℚ] V.TauCeti.IntegralLattice.realModel M hM: the real model ofM, a full lattice.TauCeti.IntegralLattice.realModelCarrierEquiv M hM: the carrier ofMis identified with its real model.TauCeti.IntegralLattice.ratModelRealModelIsometry M hM: the isometry fromMto the rational model of its real model.ZLattice.realModelRatModelIsometry hL: the linear isometry from the real model space of the rational model ofLontoE.TauCeti.IntegralLattice.Isometry.ofRealModel: the isometry of rational lattices induced by an isometry of real models.
Main results #
TauCeti.IntegralLattice.inner_realModelMap: the inner product extends the rational form.TauCeti.IntegralLattice.isIntegral_realModel: the real model is an integral lattice.TauCeti.IntegralLattice.isEven_realModel_iffandTauCeti.IntegralLattice.isUnimodular_realModel_iff: the real model is even, resp. unimodular, exactly whenMis.TauCeti.IntegralLattice.RealModelSpace.finrank_eq: the real model space has the rank ofM.TauCeti.IntegralLattice.det_realModel,TauCeti.IntegralLattice.natCard_discriminantGroup_realModel, andTauCeti.IntegralLattice.IsPosDef.determinant_eq_card_discriminantGroup: the real model has the determinant ofM, its discriminant group has the order of that ofM, andM.determinant = |M.DiscriminantGroup|.ZLattice.map_realModel_realModelRatModelIsometry: the isometry carries the real model of the rational model ontoL.TauCeti.IntegralLattice.Isometry.realModelMap_ofRealModel_apply: the induced isometry agrees with the real isometry on the rational vectors.TauCeti.IntegralLattice.map_realModel_ne_realModel: if two positive definite rational lattices are not isometric, no real linear isometry carries the real model of one onto that of the other.
References #
- W. Ebeling, Lattices and Codes, Chapter 1.
The real vector space ℝ ⊗[ℚ] V of a positive definite integral lattice M in V. It
carries the inner product extending the form of M (inner_realModelMap).
Instances For
The inner product structure on ℝ ⊗[ℚ] V given by the scalar extension of the form of a
positive definite lattice.
Instances For
The inner product of the real model space is the scalar extension of the form.
The real model space has the rank of the lattice.
The rational embedding x ↦ 1 ⊗ x of V into the real model space.
Instances For
The rational embedding sends x to the pure tensor 1 ⊗ x.
The inner product of the real model space extends the rational form of M.
The squared norm in the real model is the rational lattice norm, cast to ℝ.
The rational embedding into the real model space is injective.
The real model of a positive definite integral lattice M: the image 1 ⊗ M of its
carrier in the Euclidean space ℝ ⊗[ℚ] V.
Instances For
The vectors of the real model are the images 1 ⊗ x of the carrier vectors x.
A rational vector lies in the real model exactly when it lies in the carrier.
The real model of a positive definite integral lattice is integral.
The identification of the carrier of M with its real model, x ↦ 1 ⊗ x.
Instances For
The carrier identification sends x to 1 ⊗ x.
The integer-valued inner product of the real model is the integral form of M.
A positive definite integral lattice M is isometric to the rational model of its real
model: the isometry sends a lattice vector x to 1 ⊗ (1 ⊗ x).
Instances For
The isometry from M to the rational model of its real model sends a lattice vector to the
unit pure tensor of its image in the real model.
The real model of M is even exactly when M is even.
The real model of M is unimodular exactly when M is unimodular.
Duals and discriminant forms #
The rational-model embedding after the round-trip isometry is the original rational embedding into the real model space.
The dual carrier of a positive definite rational lattice identifies with the dual of its real model, by the rational embedding.
Instances For
The dual identification followed by rationalization is the round-trip isometry on duals.
On dual vectors, the dual identification is the rational embedding.
The inverse dual identification recovers a real dual vector through the rational embedding.
A rational vector belongs to the dual of the real model exactly when it belongs to the rational dual carrier.
The discriminant group of a positive definite rational lattice identifies with the (discrete Euclidean) discriminant group of its real model.
Instances For
The discriminant identification followed by rationalization is the round-trip isometry.
The discriminant-group identification sends the class of a rational dual vector to the class of its real image.
The inverse discriminant identification sends a real dual class to the class of its rational preimage.
The discriminant pairing transported through the real model agrees with the original rational discriminant pairing. The real-model pairing is read through its rational model, so no second discriminant form is introduced.
For an even lattice, the half-norm discriminant quadratic map transported through the real model agrees with the original quadratic map.
The discriminant group of the real model of M has the order of the discriminant group of
M.
The determinant of the real model of M, its squared covolume, is the determinant of M.
A real linear isometry carrying the real model of M onto the real model of M' induces an
isometry of the integral lattices M and M'.
Instances For
The isometry induced by a real isometry of real models agrees with it on rational vectors.
Non-isometric lattices have non-isometric real models: if the positive definite rational
lattices M and N are not isometric, no real linear isometry of the ambient spaces carries the
real model of M onto that of N.
The determinant of a positive definite rational integral lattice is the order of its discriminant group.
The real model space of the rational model of an integral full lattice L is isometric to
E, by the real-linear extension r ⊗ z ↦ r • ratModelMap L z of ratModelMap L. It carries the
real model onto L (map_realModel_realModelRatModelIsometry).
Instances For
The isometry realModelRatModelIsometry hL sends r ⊗ z to r • ratModelMap L z.
The isometry realModelRatModelIsometry hL extends ratModelMap L.
The isometry realModelRatModelIsometry hL carries the real model of the rational model of
L onto L.