The cutoff contraction of the cochains of a groupoid nerve #
Let C be a groupoid, k a commutative ring and M a k-module. The cochain complex
TauCeti.nerveCochainComplex C k M of the nerve of C with coefficients in M is, in degree
n, the module of M-valued functions on strings x₀ ⟶ x₁ ⟶ ⋯ ⟶ xₙ of n composable arrows
(TauCeti.cochainValuesEquiv), with the alternating sum of faces as differential.
A function c : C → k on the objects is a cutoff if for every object x its values at the
sources of the arrows with target x sum to one, ∑ᶠ b : Quiver.Costar x, c b.1 = 1. Inverting
arrows, this is the normalization ∑ᶠ a ∈ Quiver.Total.left ⁻¹' {x}, c a.right = 1 of the cutoff
functions TauCeti.Quiver.IsCutoff of proper étale groupoids
(Quiver.Total.finsum_costar_eq_finsum_mem_preimage_left_singleton). The groupoid need not be
finite, and no topology enters here.
Prepending an arrow weighted by c defines operators lowering the degree,
$$(h\varphi)(x_0 \to \cdots \to x_n) = \sum_{b : y \to x_0} c(y)\, \varphi(y \xrightarrow{b} x_0 \to \cdots \to x_n)$$
(TauCeti.nerveCochainComplex.cutoffPrepend). For each string only finitely many terms are nonzero
(otherwise k is the zero ring). With
P φ (x) = ∑_{b : y ⟶ x} c(y) φ(y) (TauCeti.nerveCochainComplex.cutoffAverage), they satisfy
$$h \circ d + d \circ h = 1 \text{ in positive degrees}, \qquad h \circ d = 1 - P \text{ in degree } 0.$$
So the identity of the cochain complex is homotopic to the cochain map that is P in degree 0
and zero in positive degrees (TauCeti.nerveCochainComplex.cutoffHomotopy). In particular every
positive-degree cocycle φ is the coboundary of h φ, the positive-degree cohomology vanishes,
the values of P are constant along arrows, and every degree-0 cocycle, that is every function
constant along arrows, is fixed by P. The homotopy and the primitives are assembled from the two
identities by CochainComplex.homotopyOfDCompEq and CochainComplex.d_hom_apply_of_d_comp_eq.
No sign is needed: prepending an arrow commutes with the faces deleting later vertices, and the
face deleting the second vertex composes the prepended arrow with the first arrow of the string
(CategoryTheory.nerve.δ_succ_precomp), which reindexes the sum since C is a groupoid. Every
arrow is counted, including every isotropy arrow.
The operators are natural for functors Φ : D ⥤ C that are bijective on arrows with a given
target, such as the restriction to a full subgroupoid on a saturated set of objects, with the
cutoff pulled back along Φ
(TauCeti.nerveCochainComplex.cochainComplexMap_f_comp_cutoffPrependHom).
This is the groupoid form of the contraction of the cochains of an action presentation
TauCeti.groupCohomology.cutoffHomotopy, which inserts a last label instead of a first arrow.
Main declarations #
TauCeti.nerveCochainComplex: the cochain complex of the nerve with coefficients inM.TauCeti.nerveCochainComplex.cutoffPrependHom: the operatorhlowering the degree.TauCeti.nerveCochainComplex.cutoffCochainMap: the cutoff averageP, placed in degree0.TauCeti.nerveCochainComplex.cutoffHomotopy: the homotopy from the identity toTauCeti.nerveCochainComplex.cutoffCochainMap.TauCeti.nerveCochainComplex.isZero_homology_succ: the positive-degree cohomology vanishes.
References #
- M. Crainic, Differentiable and algebroid cohomology, van Est isomorphisms, and characteristic classes, Comment. Math. Helv. 78 (2003), Section 2, for cutoff functions and the vanishing of the cohomology of proper groupoids.
- I. Moerdijk, Orbifolds as groupoids: an introduction, Section 4.
The cochain complex of the nerve of C with coefficients in M: in degree n, the
k-linear maps from the n-chains of the nerve to M. These are the M-valued functions on
strings of n composable arrows (TauCeti.cochainValuesEquiv).
Instances For
The value coordinates TauCeti.cochainValuesLinearEquiv on the cochains of degree n of the
nerve: they identify these cochains k-linearly with the functions on strings of n composable
arrows.
Instances For
The value coordinates of the nerve cochains are those of TauCeti.cochainValuesEquiv.
The values of a coboundary are alternating sums of values on faces.
Prepending an arrow weighted by c: the value at a string x₀ ⟶ ⋯ ⟶ xₙ is the sum, over the
arrows b : y ⟶ x₀, of c y times the value at the string y ⟶ x₀ ⟶ ⋯ ⟶ xₙ.
Instances For
The cutoff average of a function on objects, viewed as strings of no arrows: the value at x
is the sum, over the arrows b : y ⟶ x, of c y times the value at y. It prepends an arrow
weighted by c to the function on single arrows given by the value at their source.
Instances For
The value of TauCeti.nerveCochainComplex.cutoffPrepend at a string σ is the sum, over the
arrows b into its first vertex, of c at the source of b times the value at σ with b
prepended.
The value of TauCeti.nerveCochainComplex.cutoffAverage at an object σ.left is the sum,
over the arrows b into it, of c at the source of b times the value at that source.
Prepending arrows weighted by a cutoff is additive.
Prepending arrows weighted by a cutoff commutes with scalar multiplication.
The operator TauCeti.nerveCochainComplex.cutoffPrepend from cochains of degree n + 1 to
cochains of degree n.
Instances For
In values, TauCeti.nerveCochainComplex.cutoffPrependHom is
TauCeti.nerveCochainComplex.cutoffPrepend.
The cutoff average TauCeti.nerveCochainComplex.cutoffAverage on cochains of degree 0.
Instances For
In values, TauCeti.nerveCochainComplex.cutoffAverageHom is
TauCeti.nerveCochainComplex.cutoffAverage.
Contraction in degree 0. Prepending to the coboundary of a function on objects
gives the function minus its cutoff average.
Contraction in positive degrees. For a cochain φ of degree n + 1, prepending to its
coboundary plus the coboundary of the prepended cochain is φ.
Contraction in positive degrees, as an identity of maps of cochains.
Contraction in degree 0, as an identity of maps of cochains.
The cutoff average of a function on objects is constant along arrows: its coboundary vanishes.
The cutoff average, placed in degree 0, as an endomorphism of the cochain complex: it is
TauCeti.nerveCochainComplex.cutoffAverageHom on cochains of degree 0 and zero in positive
degrees.
Instances For
In degree 0, TauCeti.nerveCochainComplex.cutoffCochainMap is the cutoff average.
In positive degrees, TauCeti.nerveCochainComplex.cutoffCochainMap is zero.
The cutoff contraction. The identity of the cochain complex of the nerve is homotopic to
the cutoff average placed in degree 0, through the homotopy whose component from degree n + 1
to degree n prepends an arrow weighted by c
(TauCeti.nerveCochainComplex.cutoffHomotopy_hom_succ).
Instances For
The component of TauCeti.nerveCochainComplex.cutoffHomotopy from degree n + 1 to degree
n is TauCeti.nerveCochainComplex.cutoffPrependHom.
The explicit primitive of a positive-degree cocycle: prepending an arrow weighted by c
to a cocycle of degree n + 1 gives a cochain whose coboundary is the cocycle.
The cochain complex of the nerve is exact in positive degrees.
The positive-degree cohomology of the nerve with coefficients in M vanishes.
A function on objects constant along arrows, that is a cocycle of degree 0, is its own
cutoff average.
Naturality for functors bijective on arrows with a given target #
A cutoff pulls back to a cutoff along a functor bijective on the arrows with a given target.
Pulling back cochains along the functor Φ evaluates them on the images of strings.
Prepending arrows weighted by the pulled-back cutoff commutes with evaluating on images of
strings under Φ.
Restriction law. Pulling back cochains along a functor bijective on the arrows with a given target commutes with prepending arrows, weighted by the cutoff and by its pullback.