The modular invariant on the compactified level-one quotient #
The descended modular invariant extends meromorphically to the compact Riemann surface
obtained by adjoining the unique modular cusp. Its order at that cusp is exactly -1:
in the normalized width-one chart it is q⁻¹ times the analytic cusp function of q j,
whose value at zero is 1. On the coarse quotient the extension agrees with jQuotient,
and its local multiplicities agree with those already computed there.
jCompactified is complex-valued, using value zero at the pole as a representative of its
meromorphic germ. Meromorphy and order depend only on punctured neighbourhoods, so this
assigned value does not remove the pole. The target surface is the constructed compactified
orbit quotient; no identification with the Riemann sphere is used.
References #
- Fred Diamond and Jerry Shurman, A First Course in Modular Forms, §§2.4–2.5.
- Jean-Pierre Serre, A Course in Arithmetic, Chapter VII, §§3–4.
The modular invariant on the compactified effective level-one quotient. At its unique pole the assigned value is zero; its meromorphic germ there is independent of this value.
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The compactified function restricts to the descended modular invariant.
The extended modular invariant is meromorphic at every point of the constructed compact level-one surface, including its cusp.
The extended modular invariant has a simple pole at the unique modular cusp. The order is computed in the normalized identity-scaling, width-one q-coordinate.
The unique cusp is the only pole of the modular invariant on the compactified surface.