Circular area examples #
The area form (-y dx + x dy)/2 has curl one. Its actual circulation around a radius-R
circle is π R². The existing winding number makes its winding weight exactly the indicator
of the open disc, including the prescribed zero value on the trace.
The horizontal coefficient of the standard signed-area form.
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The vertical coefficient of the standard signed-area form.
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The signed-area form (x dy - y dx) / 2 is a continuous field of real 1-forms.
The actual signed-area circulation integrand on a centered circle is R²/2.
The winding weight of a positively sized circle is the indicator of its open disc.