Abelian K₀ of an essentially small abelian category #
The abelian Grothendieck group TauCeti.AbelianK0 C of an essentially small abelian category C
is the free abelian group on the isomorphism classes of objects modulo the relations
[X₂] = [X₁] + [X₃], one for each short exact sequence X₁ ⟶ X₂ ⟶ X₃.
It is not a second presentation: it is defined as the exact K₀ of the canonical exact
structure TauCeti.ExactStructure.abelian C, whose conflations are exactly the short exact short
complexes. The whole exact-K₀ API therefore applies verbatim, along the identification
TauCeti.AbelianK0.toExactK0; what this file adds is the same API phrased in terms of
CategoryTheory.ShortComplex.ShortExact instead of conflations, functoriality under the exactness
hypothesis appropriate to abelian categories, and the calculus of kernels and cokernels which is
available here but not in a general exact category.
The last point is the substance of the file. Because an abelian category factors every morphism,
an arbitrary f : X ⟶ Y — with no monomorphism or epimorphism hypothesis whatsoever — satisfies
[X] - [Y] = [ker f] - [coker f] in AbelianK0 C; see
TauCeti.AbelianK0.of_sub_of_eq_of_kernel_sub_of_cokernel. The proof splits f through its
coimage and its image and uses that the two agree.
Main definitions #
TauCeti.AbelianK0 C: abelianK₀, with class mapTauCeti.AbelianK0.of, defined as the exactK₀ofTauCeti.ExactStructure.abelian C.TauCeti.AbelianK0.toExactK0: the identification of abelianK₀with that exactK₀, along which the exact-K₀API transfers.TauCeti.AbelianK0.AdditiveInvariant C G: a function on objects which is additive on short exact sequences, andTauCeti.AbelianK0.liftthe homomorphism it induces.TauCeti.AbelianK0.mapandTauCeti.AbelianK0.mapEquiv: functoriality for an additive functor preserving finite limits and finite colimits, and invariance under an additive equivalence.TauCeti.AbelianK0.fromSplit: the canonical comparison out of splitK₀.
Main results #
TauCeti.AbelianK0.of_shortExact: the defining relation, withTauCeti.AbelianK0.of_eq_add_of_cokernelandTauCeti.AbelianK0.of_eq_of_kernel_addits consequences for a monomorphism and for an epimorphism.TauCeti.AbelianK0.of_sub_of_eq_of_kernel_sub_of_cokernel: for every morphismf : X ⟶ Y,[X] - [Y] = [ker f] - [coker f].TauCeti.AbelianK0.liftEquiv: the universal property. Invariants additive on short exact sequences correspond bijectively to homomorphismsAbelianK0 C →+ G.TauCeti.AbelianK0.map_comp_fromSplit: naturality of the comparison out of splitK₀in an exact functor.
References #
- Charles A. Weibel, The K-book: An Introduction to Algebraic K-theory, Chapter II,
Section 6.1.2, where
K₀of an abelian category and its universal property for invariants additive on short exact sequences are stated. - Theo Bühler, Exact categories, Expositiones Mathematicae 28 (2010), 1–69, Section 13.2,
for the canonical exact structure whose exact
K₀this is.
The Grothendieck group of an essentially small abelian category: the free abelian group on the
isomorphism classes of objects, modulo [X₂] = [X₁] + [X₃] for every short exact sequence
X₁ ⟶ X₂ ⟶ X₃. It is the exact K₀ of the canonical exact structure.
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Abelian K₀ is the exact K₀ of the canonical exact structure, by definition. This
identification is the bridge along which the exact-K₀ API applies to abelian K₀.
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The class of an object in abelian K₀.
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The defining relation of abelian K₀: the class of the middle term of a short exact
sequence is the sum of the classes of its outer terms.
The defining relation of abelian K₀, stated for a short exact sequence presented by its two
maps.
The class of the subobject of a short exact sequence is the difference of the other two classes.
The class of a biproduct is the sum of the classes.
The class of an object which is zero vanishes.
The class of the zero object vanishes.
The image of the class map generates abelian K₀.
Induction on the classes of objects of C: no skeleton representative is ever mentioned.
Two homomorphisms out of abelian K₀ agreeing on the classes of objects are equal.
A homomorphism into abelian K₀ whose range contains the class of every object is
surjective.
A monomorphism i : X ⟶ Y gives [Y] = [X] + [coker i].
An epimorphism p : Y ⟶ Z gives [Y] = [ker p] + [Z].
The class of the coimage of a morphism: [X] = [ker f] + [coim f], because X surjects onto
its coimage with kernel ker f.
The class of the image of a morphism: [Y] = [im f] + [coker f], because the image of f is
the kernel of the cokernel projection of f.
The kernel–cokernel identity in abelian K₀: an arbitrary morphism f : X ⟶ Y, with no
monomorphism or epimorphism hypothesis, satisfies [X] - [Y] = [ker f] - [coker f].
The two sides measure the same defect: X and Y differ, in K₀, only through the kernel and
cokernel of f, because f factors as an epimorphism onto its coimage followed by a
monomorphism out of its image, and coimage and image agree in an abelian category.
An additive invariant for abelian K₀: a function on objects of C, additive on short exact
sequences. These are exactly the data that factor through TauCeti.AbelianK0 C; see
TauCeti.AbelianK0.liftEquiv. It is then constant on isomorphism classes
(TauCeti.AbelianK0.AdditiveInvariant.map_iso).
- obj : C → G
The value of the invariant on an object.
- map_shortExact ⦃S : CategoryTheory.ShortComplex C⦄ : S.ShortExact → self.obj S.X₂ = self.obj S.X₁ + self.obj S.X₃
The value on the middle term of a short exact sequence is the sum of the outer values.
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An invariant additive on short exact sequences takes equal values on isomorphic objects.
The homomorphism out of abelian K₀ induced by an invariant additive on short exact
sequences.
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Any homomorphism agreeing with an additive invariant on object classes is its induced lift.
The universal property of abelian K₀: invariants additive on short exact sequences with
values in G correspond bijectively to additive homomorphisms AbelianK0 C →+ G.
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Functoriality of abelian K₀: an additive functor preserving finite limits and finite
colimits — that is, an exact functor — induces a homomorphism of abelian Grothendieck groups.
Exactness is the right hypothesis and cannot be weakened to additivity: an additive functor need not send a short exact sequence to a short exact one, so it need not respect the defining relations.
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Any homomorphism sending object classes to the classes of their images is the induced map.
The identity functor induces the identity of abelian K₀.
The induced maps of a composite of exact functors compose.
Naturally isomorphic exact functors induce the same map.
Equivalence invariance of abelian K₀: an additive equivalence of abelian categories
induces an isomorphism of abelian Grothendieck groups. No exactness hypothesis is needed, since an
equivalence preserves all limits and colimits.
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The canonical comparison from split K₀ to abelian K₀. It is induced by the class map,
which respects the biproduct relations because the biproduct sequences are short exact.
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The canonical comparison out of split K₀ is the unique homomorphism preserving the classes
of objects.
The canonical comparison out of split K₀ is surjective: abelian K₀ is a quotient of split
K₀, since imposing the short exact relations only adds relations.
Naturality of the comparison out of split K₀ in an exact functor.