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TauCeti.CategoryTheory.GrothendieckGroup.Abelian

Abelian K₀ of an essentially small abelian category #

The abelian Grothendieck group TauCeti.AbelianK0 C of an essentially small abelian category C is the free abelian group on the isomorphism classes of objects modulo the relations [X₂] = [X₁] + [X₃], one for each short exact sequence X₁ ⟶ X₂ ⟶ X₃.

It is not a second presentation: it is defined as the exact K₀ of the canonical exact structure TauCeti.ExactStructure.abelian C, whose conflations are exactly the short exact short complexes. The whole exact-K₀ API therefore applies verbatim, along the identification TauCeti.AbelianK0.toExactK0; what this file adds is the same API phrased in terms of CategoryTheory.ShortComplex.ShortExact instead of conflations, functoriality under the exactness hypothesis appropriate to abelian categories, and the calculus of kernels and cokernels which is available here but not in a general exact category.

The last point is the substance of the file. Because an abelian category factors every morphism, an arbitrary f : X ⟶ Y — with no monomorphism or epimorphism hypothesis whatsoever — satisfies [X] - [Y] = [ker f] - [coker f] in AbelianK0 C; see TauCeti.AbelianK0.of_sub_of_eq_of_kernel_sub_of_cokernel. The proof splits f through its coimage and its image and uses that the two agree.

Main definitions #

Main results #

References #

The Grothendieck group of an essentially small abelian category: the free abelian group on the isomorphism classes of objects, modulo [X₂] = [X₁] + [X₃] for every short exact sequence X₁ ⟶ X₂ ⟶ X₃. It is the exact K₀ of the canonical exact structure.

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    Abelian K₀ is the exact K₀ of the canonical exact structure, by definition. This identification is the bridge along which the exact-K₀ API applies to abelian K₀.

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      The class of an object in abelian K₀.

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        The defining relation of abelian K₀: the class of the middle term of a short exact sequence is the sum of the classes of its outer terms.

        theorem TauCeti.AbelianK0.of_eq_add_of_shortExact {C : Type u} [CategoryTheory.Category.{v, u} C] [CategoryTheory.Abelian C] [CategoryTheory.EssentiallySmall.{w, v, u} C] {X Y Z : C} {i : X ⟶ Y} {p : Y ⟶ Z} (zero : CategoryTheory.CategoryStruct.comp i p = 0) (hS : { X₁ := X, X₂ := Y, X₃ := Z, f := i, g := p, zero := zero }.ShortExact) :
        of Y = of X + of Z

        The defining relation of abelian K₀, stated for a short exact sequence presented by its two maps.

        The class of the subobject of a short exact sequence is the difference of the other two classes.

        @[simp]

        The class of a biproduct is the sum of the classes.

        theorem TauCeti.AbelianK0.induction_on {C : Type u} [CategoryTheory.Category.{v, u} C] [CategoryTheory.Abelian C] [CategoryTheory.EssentiallySmall.{w, v, u} C] {motive : AbelianK0 C → Prop} (x : AbelianK0 C) (zero : motive 0) (of : ∀ (X : C), motive (of X)) (add : ∀ (a b : AbelianK0 C), motive a → motive b → motive (a + b)) (neg : ∀ (a : AbelianK0 C), motive a → motive (-a)) :
        motive x

        Induction on the classes of objects of C: no skeleton representative is ever mentioned.

        Two homomorphisms out of abelian K₀ agreeing on the classes of objects are equal.

        A homomorphism into abelian K₀ whose range contains the class of every object is surjective.

        The class of the coimage of a morphism: [X] = [ker f] + [coim f], because X surjects onto its coimage with kernel ker f.

        The class of the image of a morphism: [Y] = [im f] + [coker f], because the image of f is the kernel of the cokernel projection of f.

        The kernel–cokernel identity in abelian K₀: an arbitrary morphism f : X ⟶ Y, with no monomorphism or epimorphism hypothesis, satisfies [X] - [Y] = [ker f] - [coker f].

        The two sides measure the same defect: X and Y differ, in K₀, only through the kernel and cokernel of f, because f factors as an epimorphism onto its coimage followed by a monomorphism out of its image, and coimage and image agree in an abelian category.

        An additive invariant for abelian K₀: a function on objects of C, additive on short exact sequences. These are exactly the data that factor through TauCeti.AbelianK0 C; see TauCeti.AbelianK0.liftEquiv. It is then constant on isomorphism classes (TauCeti.AbelianK0.AdditiveInvariant.map_iso).

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          theorem TauCeti.AbelianK0.AdditiveInvariant.ext {C : Type u} {inst✝ : CategoryTheory.Category.{v, u} C} {inst✝¹ : CategoryTheory.Abelian C} {G : Type u_2} {inst✝² : AddCommGroup G} {x y : AdditiveInvariant C G} (obj : x.obj = y.obj) :
          x = y
          theorem TauCeti.AbelianK0.AdditiveInvariant.ext_iff {C : Type u} {inst✝ : CategoryTheory.Category.{v, u} C} {inst✝¹ : CategoryTheory.Abelian C} {G : Type u_2} {inst✝² : AddCommGroup G} {x y : AdditiveInvariant C G} :
          x = y ↔ x.obj = y.obj

          An invariant additive on short exact sequences takes equal values on isomorphic objects.

          The homomorphism out of abelian K₀ induced by an invariant additive on short exact sequences.

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            Any homomorphism agreeing with an additive invariant on object classes is its induced lift.

            The universal property of abelian K₀: invariants additive on short exact sequences with values in G correspond bijectively to additive homomorphisms AbelianK0 C →+ G.

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              Functoriality of abelian K₀: an additive functor preserving finite limits and finite colimits — that is, an exact functor — induces a homomorphism of abelian Grothendieck groups.

              Exactness is the right hypothesis and cannot be weakened to additivity: an additive functor need not send a short exact sequence to a short exact one, so it need not respect the defining relations.

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                Equivalence invariance of abelian K₀: an additive equivalence of abelian categories induces an isomorphism of abelian Grothendieck groups. No exactness hypothesis is needed, since an equivalence preserves all limits and colimits.

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                  The canonical comparison from split K₀ to abelian K₀. It is induced by the class map, which respects the biproduct relations because the biproduct sequences are short exact.

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                    The canonical comparison out of split K₀ is the unique homomorphism preserving the classes of objects.

                    The canonical comparison out of split K₀ is surjective: abelian K₀ is a quotient of split K₀, since imposing the short exact relations only adds relations.