The Hodge decomposition #
This file proves the equivalence, due to Deligne, between the two descriptions of a pure Hodge
structure: an n-opposed bounded filtration on one side, and a (p,q)-decomposition on the other.
In the forward direction the Hodge components of a pure Hodge structure form an internal direct sum: every step of the decreasing Hodge filtration is recovered as the supremum of the components in that step, and the full family of components is independent.
In the backward direction a family of subspaces that decomposes the space, is exchanged by the
conjugation in complementary bidegrees, and is bounded below is packaged as
TauCeti.Hodge.IsHodgeDecomposition, and the filtration F^p = ⨆_{q ≥ p} H^q it generates is a
pure Hodge structure whose components are the given family. The two constructions are mutually
inverse, which is TauCeti.Hodge.HodgeStructureOn.decompositionEquiv.
The key local calculation uses two adjacent opposedness decompositions. The component
H^{p,n-p} is complementary to the sum of the conjugate step below it and the filtration step
above it. Consequently every other component lies in this explicit complement. Boundedness then
turns the one-step identity F p = H^{p,n-p} ⊔ F (p + 1) into filtration recovery by descending
induction.
This is the opposed-filtration description of the Hodge decomposition in Deligne, Théorie de Hodge II, §1.2.1, and Voisin, Hodge Theory and Complex Algebraic Geometry I, §6.
Main declarations #
TauCeti.Hodge.HodgeStructureOn.F_eq_iSup_piece: a filtration step is the supremum of the Hodge components it contains.TauCeti.Hodge.HodgeStructureOn.conjF_eq_iSup_piece: a conjugate filtration step is the supremum of the Hodge components it contains.TauCeti.Hodge.HodgeStructureOn.piece_iSupIndep: the Hodge components are independent.TauCeti.Hodge.HodgeStructureOn.isInternal_piece: the Hodge components form an internal direct sum of the ambient complex vector space.TauCeti.Hodge.HodgeStructureOn.decomposition: that direct sum as a linear equivalence.TauCeti.Hodge.HodgeStructureOn.piece_induction_on: induction along the Hodge decomposition.TauCeti.Hodge.HodgeStructureOn.proj: the projection onto a Hodge component along that decomposition.TauCeti.Hodge.HodgeStructureOn.proj_mem_FandTauCeti.Hodge.HodgeStructureOn.proj_eq_zero_of_mem_F_of_lt: the projections of a vector ofF pstay inF pand vanish below degreep.TauCeti.Hodge.HodgeStructureOn.sum_proj_eq: a vector is the sum of its Hodge projections over any finite set outside which its projections vanish.TauCeti.Hodge.IsHodgeDecomposition: a bounded below, conjugation-symmetric internal direct sum decomposition of the ambient complex vector space.TauCeti.Hodge.HodgeStructureOn.ofDecomposition: the pure Hodge structure generated by a Hodge decomposition, withTauCeti.Hodge.HodgeStructureOn.ofDecomposition_piecerecovering the decomposition from it.TauCeti.Hodge.HodgeStructureOn.isEffective_iff_piece_ne_bot: a pure Hodge structure of weightnis effective exactly when its nonzero Hodge componentsH^{p,n-p}have0 ≤ p ≤ n.TauCeti.Hodge.HodgeStructureOn.piece_injective: a pure Hodge structure is determined by its Hodge components.TauCeti.Hodge.HodgeStructureOn.decompositionEquiv: pure Hodge structures of weightnand Hodge decompositions of weightnare the same thing.
A filtration step is the sum of its Hodge component and the next filtration step.
The p-th Hodge component is complementary to the sum of the adjacent conjugate and ordinary
filtration steps. This complement contains every Hodge component of degree different from p.
Every Hodge component whose degree is smaller than p lies in the conjugate filtration step
complementary to F p.
Every Hodge component whose degree is larger than p lies in the filtration step
complementary to conjF (n - p).
The Hodge components of an opposed filtration are independent.
Every Hodge filtration step is the supremum of the Hodge components in at least that degree:
F p = ⨆ q ≥ p, H^{q,n-q}.
Every conjugate Hodge filtration step is the supremum of the Hodge components in at most the
complementary degree: conjF p = ⨆ q ≤ n - p, H^{q,n-q}.
The supremum of all Hodge components is the whole ambient complex vector space.
The Hodge decomposition. The Hodge components H^{p,n-p} form an internal direct sum of
the ambient complex vector space.
The Hodge decomposition as a linear equivalence: the ambient complex vector space is the direct sum of its Hodge components.
Instances For
The inverse of the Hodge decomposition sums up the Hodge components.
A vector lying in a single Hodge component decomposes as that one component.
Induction along the Hodge decomposition: a property that is stable under addition and holds on every Hodge component holds everywhere.
Two additive maps out of the ambient space that agree on every Hodge component are equal. This applies to any additive homomorphism class, including linear and semilinear maps.
The Hodge projections #
The projection of the ambient complex vector space onto the Hodge component H^{p, n-p}
along the Hodge decomposition.
Instances For
A Hodge projection lands in the corresponding Hodge component.
The Hodge projection of degree p fixes the Hodge component of degree p.
The Hodge projection of degree p annihilates every other Hodge component.
A vector is the sum of its Hodge projections over any finite set outside which its projections vanish. The other Hodge components need not be zero subspaces.
A vector all of whose Hodge projections vanish is zero.
A vector lies in a supremum of submodules as soon as each of its Hodge projections does.
A submodule spanned by its intersections with the Hodge components contains the Hodge projections of each of its vectors.
A vector lies in a submodule as soon as every one of its Hodge projections does.
A Hodge component is disjoint from every strictly later filtration step.
A filtration step is spanned by its intersections with the Hodge components.
The Hodge projections of a vector of a filtration step stay in that step.
The Hodge projections of a vector of F p vanish in every degree below p.
Reconstructing a Hodge structure from its decomposition #
The Hodge decomposition above is more than a consequence of opposedness: the two descriptions of a pure Hodge structure carry the same information. The rest of this file runs the equivalence backwards, generating an opposed filtration from a family of components and identifying the two constructions in both directions.
A Hodge decomposition of weight n on a complex vector space with conjugation ω: a
family H of subspaces that decomposes the space as an internal direct sum, is exchanged by the
conjugation in complementary bidegrees, and vanishes in all sufficiently small degrees.
This is the data on the other side of Deligne's equivalence. The Hodge components of a pure Hodge
structure form such a family, by TauCeti.Hodge.HodgeStructureOn.isHodgeDecomposition_piece, and
every such family arises this way from exactly one Hodge structure, by
TauCeti.Hodge.HodgeStructureOn.decompositionEquiv.
- isInternal : DirectSum.IsInternal H
The components form an internal direct sum of the ambient complex vector space.
Conjugation exchanges the components of complementary bidegrees.
The decomposition is bounded below: its components vanish in all sufficiently small degrees. Boundedness above is then automatic, by
TauCeti.Hodge.IsHodgeDecomposition.exists_forall_gt_eq_bot.
Instances For
The components of a Hodge decomposition are independent.
The components of a Hodge decomposition span the ambient complex vector space.
Elementwise form of the exchange of the components of a Hodge decomposition by conjugation.
A Hodge decomposition is bounded above as well: its components vanish in all sufficiently large degrees. This is the mirror image of boundedness below under the conjugation symmetry.
Only finitely many components of a Hodge decomposition are nonzero.
Beyond a degree below which all components of a Hodge decomposition vanish, the tail sum
⨆_{q ≥ a} H^q is already the whole space.
Conjugation carries the tail sum ⨆_{q ≥ p} H^q of a Hodge decomposition onto the head sum
⨆_{q < n + 1 - p} H^q.
The tail sum ⨆_{q ≥ p} H^q and the head sum ⨆_{q < p} H^q of a Hodge decomposition are
disjoint, because the components are independent.
The tail sum ⨆_{q ≥ p} H^q and the head sum ⨆_{q < p} H^q of a Hodge decomposition are
complementary: this is the opposedness of the filtration the decomposition generates.
The pure Hodge structure of weight n generated by a Hodge decomposition: its filtration step
F^p is the sum ⨆_{q ≥ p} H^q of the components of degree at least p.
This is the converse half of Deligne's equivalence between n-opposed filtrations and
(p,q)-decompositions, TauCeti.Hodge.HodgeStructureOn.isInternal_piece being the forward
half.
Instances For
The filtration generated by a Hodge decomposition is the sum of the components of degree at least the filtration index.
The conjugate of the filtration generated by a Hodge decomposition is the sum of the components of degree below the complementary index.
The components are recovered. The Hodge components of the Hodge structure generated by a Hodge decomposition are the members of that decomposition.
The Hodge structure generated by a Hodge decomposition is effective exactly when the decomposition has no components in negative degrees.
The decomposition of a pure Hodge structure. The Hodge components of a pure Hodge
structure of weight n form a Hodge decomposition of weight n.
The filtration is recovered. Regenerating a pure Hodge structure from its own Hodge components returns it unchanged.
A pure Hodge structure is effective exactly when it has no Hodge components in negative degrees.
Effectivity is a support condition on the Hodge components. A pure Hodge structure of
weight n is effective exactly when each of its nonzero Hodge components H^{p,n-p} has
0 ≤ p ≤ n.
A pure Hodge structure is determined by its Hodge components.
Deligne's equivalence. A pure Hodge structure of weight n on a complex vector space with
conjugation is the same thing as a Hodge decomposition of weight n: the filtration is generated
by the components as F^p = ⨆_{q ≥ p} H^q, and the components are cut out of the filtration as
H^p = F^p ⊓ conj F^{n-p}.