Linearization of a section at a zero #
At a zero of a differentiable section, differentiating its fiber coordinates and transporting back to the fiber gives a linear map from the tangent space of the source to the fiber, independent of the trivialization. Away from a zero, the derivative of the transition function contributes an additional term, so no such independence is asserted.
We work with a section along a map from a manifold M to the base of the bundle. This includes
sections over Banach manifolds, and sections over Banach spaces with their canonical manifold
structure π(π, X), for which mvfderiv_eq_fderiv recovers the FrΓ©chet derivative. The
coordinate-change formula shows that Fredholmness, the index, and regularity (surjectivity) at
zeros can be checked in any bundle trivialization, and the chain rule
sectionLinearization_comp passes between a manifold source and its source charts.
The convention is that of McDuff--Salamon, J-holomorphic Curves and Symplectic Topology,
2nd ed., Appendix A.3. The calculation uses Mathlib's bundle coordinate changes and the
zero-value derivative rule TauCeti.mvfderiv_eq_comp_of_eventuallyEq_clm_apply.
Differentiate a section along b in the preferred trivialization at b x, then transport
the derivative back to that fiber. At a zero of a differentiable section this is independent
of the trivialization, as expressed by sectionLinearization_eq_symmL_comp.
As with mfderiv, this expression is defined even where differentiability fails.
Instances For
The defining expression for the linearization in the preferred trivialization.
For finite-dimensional source and model fiber, the intrinsic section linearization has index equal to the source dimension minus the fiber dimension, even away from zeros and without differentiability assumptions.
The zero section along a continuous map has zero linearization.
At a zero of a section along a continuous map, its coordinate derivatives in two bundle trivializations differ by postcomposition with the fiber coordinate change.
At a zero, the linearization can be computed in any bundle trivialization whose fiber coordinates are differentiable at the point.
Reading the intrinsic linearization in a trivialization recovers the derivative of the section's fiber coordinates.
A zero is regular for the intrinsic linearization exactly when its coordinate derivative is surjective.
At a zero, the intrinsic linearization has the same kernel as the derivative of any differentiable fiber-coordinate expression.
At a zero, the kernel inclusion composed with the inverse of a kernel-model equivalence has range equal to the kernel of the intrinsic section linearization.
At a zero, the intrinsic linearization and any differentiable fiber-coordinate expression have the same Fredholm index.
A section's intrinsic linearization at a zero is Fredholm exactly when its derivative in any differentiable fiber-coordinate expression is Fredholm.
The Fredholm index of a section's coordinate derivative at a zero is independent of the bundle trivialization. No Fredholm hypothesis is needed for this equality of indices.
Fredholmness of a section's coordinate derivative at a zero is independent of the bundle trivialization.
Surjectivity of a section's coordinate derivative at a zero is independent of the bundle trivialization, so regular zeros can be tested in any fiber coordinates.
In a trivial bundle, the linearization of a section along any map is just the vector-valued manifold derivative of its fiber component.
Pulling a section back along a differentiable map precomposes its intrinsic linearization with the differential of that map. This is the chain rule used to pass between a manifold source and a source chart.