The canonical cup product agrees with the explicit low-degree cup products #
Let G be a topological group, let M, N and P be discrete G-modules, and let
μ : M →+ N →+ P be an equivariant biadditive map. In each bidegree (m, n) with m + n ≤ 2 two
cup products Hᵐ(G, M) × Hⁿ(G, N) → Hᵐ⁺ⁿ(G, P) are available: the explicit one on inhomogeneous
cocycles, TauCeti.ContCohomology.explicitCup00, …, explicitCup20, given by cochain formulas
such as (a ⌣ b) (g, h) = μ (a g) (g • b h) in bidegree (1, 1), and the canonical one on
Mathlib's continuous cohomology, TauCeti.TopPairing.cup at the coefficient pairing
TauCeti.ofDiscreteModulePairing μ, built from the Alexander–Whitney product of homogeneous
cochains. This file proves that they agree under the comparison isomorphisms
TauCeti.ContCohomology.explicitH0IsoContinuousCohomology,
TauCeti.ContCohomology.explicitH1IsoContinuousCohomology and
TauCeti.ContCohomology.explicitH2IsoContinuousCohomology between the explicit and the canonical
cohomology, one theorem per bidegree.
Each agreement holds already on cocycles. The homogeneous form of an inhomogeneous one-cocycle a
is (g₀, g₁) ↦ g₀ • a (g₀⁻¹ g₁), that of a two-cocycle is
(g₀, g₁, g₂) ↦ g₀ • a (g₀⁻¹ g₁, g₁⁻¹ g₂), and an invariant element m becomes the 0-cocycle
g ↦ g • m (TauCeti.ContCohomology.cocycle0). The Alexander–Whitney product of homogeneous
cochains is μ (A (g₀, …, g_m)) (B (g_m, …, g_{m+n})), and equivariance of μ turns it into the
homogeneous form of the explicit cochain formula. Passing to classes is then the compatibility of
the comparisons with the class maps on both sides.
In bidegree (0, 0) the class-level agreement is stated once, under the degree-zero comparison
isomorphism explicitH0IsoContinuousCohomology, which exists for every topological group. In the
other five bidegrees it is stated twice. The additive comparisons
TauCeti.ContCohomology.explicitH1AddEquivContinuousCohomology and
TauCeti.ContCohomology.explicitH2AddEquivContinuousCohomology exist for every topological group,
resp. every locally compact one, and the agreement under them carries exactly these hypotheses.
The degree-one and degree-two comparison isomorphisms in TopModuleCat ℤ assume G compact,
which makes the canonical cohomology discrete; the agreement under them is a corollary.
This is what lets a consumer compute the canonical cup product of low-degree classes on explicit
cocycles, for instance the cup square H¹(G, 𝔽_p) × H¹(G, 𝔽_p) → H²(G, 𝔽_p) against which the
Demushkin condition on a pro-p group is stated.
Main results #
TauCeti.ContCohomology.cocycle0_cup00,TauCeti.ContCohomology.cocycleEquiv1_cup01,TauCeti.ContCohomology.cocycleEquiv1_cup10,TauCeti.ContCohomology.cocycleEquiv2_cup02,TauCeti.ContCohomology.cocycleEquiv2_cup11,TauCeti.ContCohomology.cocycleEquiv2_cup20: on cocycles, the homogeneous form of each explicit cup product is the Alexander–Whitney product of the homogeneous forms.TauCeti.ContCohomology.explicitAddEquiv_cup01,TauCeti.ContCohomology.explicitAddEquiv_cup10,TauCeti.ContCohomology.explicitAddEquiv_cup02,TauCeti.ContCohomology.explicitAddEquiv_cup11,TauCeti.ContCohomology.explicitAddEquiv_cup20: the canonical and the explicit cup products agree under the additive comparisons, for every topological group in total degree one and every locally compact one in total degree two.TauCeti.ContCohomology.explicitIso_cup00,TauCeti.ContCohomology.explicitIso_cup01,TauCeti.ContCohomology.explicitIso_cup10,TauCeti.ContCohomology.explicitIso_cup02,TauCeti.ContCohomology.explicitIso_cup,TauCeti.ContCohomology.explicitIso_cup20: the canonical and the explicit cup products agree under the comparison isomorphisms, in each bidegree(m, n)withm + n ≤ 2;explicitIso_cupis the bidegree(1, 1). Only the bidegree(0, 0)holds for every topological group; the other five assumeGcompact.
References #
- K. S. Brown, Cohomology of Groups, GTM 87, Springer (1982), Chapter V, §3, for the Alexander–Whitney formula and its inhomogeneous form.
- J. Neukirch, A. Schmidt, K. Wingberg, Cohomology of Number Fields, 2nd ed., Springer (2008), Chapter I, §4, for the inhomogeneous cup product formulas.
Agreement on cocycles #
On cocycles, the explicit (0,0) cup product is the Alexander–Whitney product.
On cocycles, the explicit (0,1) cup product is the Alexander–Whitney product.
On cocycles, the explicit (1,0) cup product is the Alexander–Whitney product.
The degree-two cocycle comparison TauCeti.ContCohomology.cocycleEquiv2 uncurries, which
needs G locally compact; a compact group qualifies.
On cocycles, the explicit (0,2) cup product is the Alexander–Whitney product.
On cocycles, the explicit (1,1) cup product is the Alexander–Whitney product. The
homogeneous form of the inhomogeneous two-cocycle (g, h) ↦ μ (a g) (g • b h) is the cup product
of the homogeneous forms of the one-cocycles a and b, for the coefficient pairing attached to
μ.
On cocycles, the explicit (2,0) cup product is the Alexander–Whitney product.
Agreement on classes, under the additive comparisons #
The canonical and the explicit (0,0) cup products agree under the degree-zero
comparison isomorphism: the cup product of two invariant elements is their pairing μ m n.
The canonical and the explicit (0,1) cup products agree under the additive comparisons,
for every topological group G: the canonical cup product TauCeti.TopPairing.cup in bidegree
(0, 1) at the coefficient pairing attached to μ is TauCeti.ContCohomology.explicitCup01,
(m ⌣ b) g = μ m (b g).
The canonical and the explicit (1,0) cup products agree under the additive comparisons,
for every topological group G: the canonical cup product TauCeti.TopPairing.cup in bidegree
(1, 0) at the coefficient pairing attached to μ is TauCeti.ContCohomology.explicitCup10,
(a ⌣ n) g = μ (a g) (g • n).
The degree-two additive comparison
TauCeti.ContCohomology.explicitH2AddEquivContinuousCohomology needs G locally compact, as does
the cocycle comparison it is built from.
The canonical and the explicit (0,2) cup products agree under the additive comparisons,
for every locally compact group G: the canonical cup product TauCeti.TopPairing.cup in bidegree
(0, 2) at the coefficient pairing attached to μ is TauCeti.ContCohomology.explicitCup02,
(m ⌣ b) (g, h) = μ m (b (g, h)).
The canonical and the explicit (1,1) cup products agree under the additive comparisons,
for every locally compact group G: the canonical cup product TauCeti.TopPairing.cup in bidegree
(1, 1) at the coefficient pairing attached to μ is TauCeti.ContCohomology.explicitCup11,
(a ⌣ b) (g, h) = μ (a g) (g • b h).
The canonical and the explicit (2,0) cup products agree under the additive comparisons,
for every locally compact group G: the canonical cup product TauCeti.TopPairing.cup in bidegree
(2, 0) at the coefficient pairing attached to μ is TauCeti.ContCohomology.explicitCup20,
(a ⌣ n) (g, h) = μ (a (g, h)) ((g * h) • n).
Agreement on classes, under the comparison isomorphisms #
Compactness of G enters only through the comparison isomorphisms in degrees one and two,
which need the canonical cohomology to be discrete; each statement here is the one under the
additive comparisons above, read on the discrete carriers TauCeti.ContCohomology.DiscreteH1 and
TauCeti.ContCohomology.DiscreteH2.
The canonical and the explicit (0,1) cup products agree under the comparison
isomorphisms: the canonical cup product TauCeti.TopPairing.cup in bidegree (0, 1) at the
coefficient pairing attached to μ is TauCeti.ContCohomology.explicitCup01,
(m ⌣ b) g = μ m (b g).
The canonical and the explicit (1,0) cup products agree under the comparison
isomorphisms: the canonical cup product TauCeti.TopPairing.cup in bidegree (1, 0) at the
coefficient pairing attached to μ is TauCeti.ContCohomology.explicitCup10,
(a ⌣ n) g = μ (a g) (g • n).
The canonical and the explicit (0,2) cup products agree under the comparison
isomorphisms: the canonical cup product TauCeti.TopPairing.cup in bidegree (0, 2) at the
coefficient pairing attached to μ is TauCeti.ContCohomology.explicitCup02,
(m ⌣ b) (g, h) = μ m (b (g, h)).
The canonical and the explicit (1,1) cup products agree. Under the comparison
isomorphisms of H¹ and H² with Mathlib's continuous cohomology, the canonical cup product
TauCeti.TopPairing.cup in bidegree (1, 1) at the coefficient pairing attached to μ is the
explicit cup product TauCeti.ContCohomology.explicitCup11, (a ⌣ b) (g, h) = μ (a g) (g • b h).
The canonical and the explicit (2,0) cup products agree under the comparison
isomorphisms: the canonical cup product TauCeti.TopPairing.cup in bidegree (2, 0) at the
coefficient pairing attached to μ is TauCeti.ContCohomology.explicitCup20,
(a ⌣ n) (g, h) = μ (a (g, h)) ((g * h) • n).