The braid complexes of a zigzag algebra #
Let Z be the zigzag algebra TauCeti.zigzagAlgebra of a finite simple graph, with vertex
idempotents e_i, arrows a_d and volume classes x_i, the vectors of the basis
TauCeti.zigzagAlgebraBasis. A Z-bimodule is a left module over the
enveloping algebra Z ⊗[k] Zᵐᵒᵖ, x ⊗ y acting by m ↦ x m y; Z itself is the bimodule
TauCeti.Bimodule (AlgHom.id k Z). For a vertex i, the bimodule P_i ⊗_k e_i Z, where
P_i = Z e_i, is the cyclic left ideal of Z ⊗[k] Zᵐᵒᵖ generated by the idempotent e_i ⊗ e_i.
Khovanov and Seidel attach to i two two-term complexes of Z-bimodules:
B_i = [P_i ⊗_k e_i Z ⟶ Z], x e_i ⊗ e_i y ↦ x e_i y,
B_i' = [Z ⟶ P_i ⊗_k e_i Z], 1 ↦ e_i ⊗ x_i + x_i ⊗ e_i + ∑_{d.fst = i} a_d ⊗ a_{d.symm}.
The first is in cohomological degrees -1, 0 and its differential is multiplication, of internal
degree 0. The second is in cohomological degrees 0, 1; its differential, the
coevaluation, raises internal degree by 2, so with internal grading it is the map
Z → (P_i ⊗_k e_i Z){-2}. Both complexes live in the category
TauCeti.GradedModuleCat of graded modules over the enveloping algebra, graded by
TauCeti.zigzagEnvelopingGrading: their terms are graded bimodules, the shift M{d}_p = M_{p-d}
is TauCeti.GradedModuleCat.shiftFunctor, and their differentials are morphisms of graded
bimodules, that is, bimodule maps of internal degree 0. Tensoring with these complexes is how
Khovanov--Seidel and Huerfano--Khovanov let the braid group of the graph act on the homotopy
category of graded Z-modules; this file constructs the complexes and their gradings, not the braid
relations.
Everything is stated for the public componentwise algebra, so it covers every vertex of every
finite simple graph. At an isolated vertex i the factor of Z is the dual numbers, there is no
dart at i, and the coevaluation is 1 ↦ e_i ⊗ x_i + x_i ⊗ e_i, with x_i the infinitesimal
generator.
The coevaluation is a map of bimodules because its value at 1 is the image of the Casimir
element TauCeti.zigzagCasimir, ∑_b b ⊗ b^∨ for the symmetric Frobenius trace
TauCeti.zigzagAlgebraTrace, under u ↦ u (e_i ⊗ e_i), with b running over the vertex, arrow and
volume basis and b^∨ over its dual basis, and the Casimir element commutes with the algebra
(TauCeti.tmul_one_mul_zigzagCasimir).
Main definitions #
TauCeti.zigzagBraidBimodule: the bimoduleP_i ⊗_k e_i Z.TauCeti.zigzagBraidEvaluation: the multiplication mapP_i ⊗_k e_i Z → Z.TauCeti.zigzagBraidCoevaluation: the coevaluationZ → P_i ⊗_k e_i Z.TauCeti.zigzagEnvelopingGrading: the internal grading ofZ ⊗[k] Zᵐᵒᵖ.TauCeti.zigzagBimoduleGrade,TauCeti.zigzagBraidBimoduleGrade: the internal gradings of the bimodulesZandP_i ⊗_k e_i Z.TauCeti.zigzagGradedBimodule,TauCeti.zigzagGradedBraidBimodule:ZandP_i ⊗_k e_i Zas graded bimodules, objects ofTauCeti.GradedModuleCat.TauCeti.zigzagBraidEvaluationHom,TauCeti.zigzagBraidCoevaluationHom: the evaluationP_i ⊗_k e_i Z ⟶ Zand the coevaluationZ ⟶ (P_i ⊗_k e_i Z){-2}as morphisms of graded bimodules.TauCeti.zigzagBraidComplex,TauCeti.zigzagBraidInverseComplex: the complexesB_iandB_i'of graded bimodules.
Main results #
TauCeti.zigzagBraidComplex_d,TauCeti.zigzagBraidInverseComplex_d: the differentials ofB_iandB_i'are the evaluation and the coevaluation.TauCeti.isInternal_zigzagBimoduleGrade,TauCeti.isInternal_zigzagBraidBimoduleGrade: the gradings ofZand ofP_i ⊗_k e_i Zare internal direct sums.TauCeti.mul_mem_zigzagEnvelopingGrading,TauCeti.smul_mem_zigzagBimoduleGrade,TauCeti.smul_mem_zigzagBraidBimoduleGrade: the enveloping algebra is graded, and acts on both bimodules compatibly with the gradings.TauCeti.coe_zigzagBraidCoevaluation_of: the explicit formula for the coevaluation.TauCeti.isHomogeneous_zigzagBraidEvaluation: the evaluation is a degree-0mapP_i ⊗_k e_i Z → Z.TauCeti.isHomogeneous_zigzagBraidCoevaluation: the coevaluation has internal degree2, so it is a degree-0mapZ → (P_i ⊗_k e_i Z){-2}.
References #
- M. Khovanov and P. Seidel, Quivers, Floer cohomology, and braid group actions, J. Amer. Math.
Soc. 15 (2002) (the complexes
R_iandR_i'of the zigzag algebraA_m). - R. S. Huerfano and M. Khovanov, A category for the adjoint representation, J. Algebra 246 (2001) (zigzag algebras of arbitrary graphs and the same complexes).
The bimodule P_i ⊗_k e_i Z and the evaluation #
The bimodule P_i ⊗_k e_i Z, the first term of the braid complex at i: the cyclic left
ideal of the enveloping algebra Z ⊗[k] Zᵐᵒᵖ generated by the idempotent e_i ⊗ e_i. Its elements
are the sums of the x e_i ⊗ e_i y.
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An element lies in P_i ⊗_k e_i Z exactly when it is fixed by right multiplication by the
idempotent e_i ⊗ e_i.
The pure tensor x e_i ⊗ e_i y lies in P_i ⊗_k e_i Z.
The evaluation P_i ⊗_k e_i Z → Z, the differential of the braid complex at i: the map
of bimodules x e_i ⊗ e_i y ↦ x e_i y, the restriction of the action of the enveloping algebra on
1.
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The evaluation acts on P_i ⊗_k e_i Z as the enveloping algebra acts on 1.
The evaluation is multiplication: x e_i ⊗ e_i y ↦ x e_i y.
The coevaluation #
The Casimir element cut down at i lies in P_i ⊗_k e_i Z.
The coevaluation Z → P_i ⊗_k e_i Z, the differential of the inverse braid complex at i:
the map of bimodules sending 1 to the Casimir element cut down at i,
e_i ⊗ x_i + x_i ⊗ e_i + ∑_{d.fst = i} a_d ⊗ a_{d.symm}.
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The Casimir element cut down at a vertex:
C (e_i ⊗ e_i) = e_i ⊗ x_i + x_i ⊗ e_i + ∑_{d.fst = i} a_d ⊗ a_{d.symm}.
The coevaluation sends x to x times the Casimir element cut down at i.
The coevaluation sends 1 to e_i ⊗ x_i + x_i ⊗ e_i + ∑_{d.fst = i} a_d ⊗ a_{d.symm}.
Internal degrees #
The internal grading of the enveloping algebra Z ⊗[k] Zᵐᵒᵖ: the tensor product of the
signed path-length grading of Z with its transport to Zᵐᵒᵖ, so that x ⊗ op y has degree
deg x + deg y.
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The internal grading of the bimodule Z: its degree-d piece is the signed degree-d piece
of Z.
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The internal grading of the bimodule P_i ⊗_k e_i Z, induced from the grading of the
enveloping algebra.
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A pure tensor of homogeneous elements is homogeneous of the total degree.
Multiplication adds degrees in the enveloping algebra: left multiplication by an element
of degree m is the image of tensor products of left multiplications, each homogeneous.
The enveloping algebra acts on the bimodule Z compatibly with the gradings:
x ⊗ op y sends z to x z y, whose degree is the sum of the three.
The enveloping algebra acts on P_i ⊗_k e_i Z compatibly with the gradings.
The internal grading of the bimodule Z is an internal direct sum: it is the transport of
the grading of Z along TauCeti.Bimodule.of.
P_i ⊗_k e_i Z is a homogeneous k-submodule of the enveloping algebra: it is the image
of right multiplication by the degree-0 idempotent e_i ⊗ e_i.
The internal grading of P_i ⊗_k e_i Z is an internal direct sum, the grading of a
homogeneous submodule of the enveloping algebra.
The evaluation has internal degree 0: it is a degree-0 map P_i ⊗_k e_i Z → Z of
graded bimodules.
The coevaluation has internal degree 2: it raises the internal degree by 2.
The graded bimodules and the two braid complexes #
The graded bimodule Z: the bimodule Z with its signed path-length grading, a graded
module over the enveloping algebra.
Instances For
The graded bimodule P_i ⊗_k e_i Z, with the grading induced from the enveloping algebra,
with no internal shift.
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The evaluation as a degree-0 morphism P_i ⊗_k e_i Z ⟶ Z of graded bimodules.
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The coevaluation as a degree-0 morphism Z ⟶ (P_i ⊗_k e_i Z){-2} of graded bimodules,
M{d} being the shift GradedModuleCat.shiftFunctor d with M{d}_p = M_{p-d}.
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The braid complex B_i = [P_i ⊗_k e_i Z ⟶ Z] of graded Z-bimodules, in cohomological
degrees -1 and 0, with the degree-0 evaluation as differential. Its terms and differential
are described by TauCeti.zigzagBraidComplexXIso₀, TauCeti.zigzagBraidComplexXIso₁,
TauCeti.zigzagBraidComplex_d and TauCeti.isZero_zigzagBraidComplex_X.
Instances For
The inverse braid complex B_i' = [Z ⟶ (P_i ⊗_k e_i Z){-2}] of graded Z-bimodules, in
cohomological degrees 0 and 1, with the degree-0 coevaluation as differential. Its terms and
differential are described by TauCeti.zigzagBraidInverseComplexXIso₀,
TauCeti.zigzagBraidInverseComplexXIso₁, TauCeti.zigzagBraidInverseComplex_d and
TauCeti.isZero_zigzagBraidInverseComplex_X.
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The term of B_i in cohomological degree -1 is P_i ⊗_k e_i Z.
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The term of B_i in cohomological degree 0 is Z.
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The term of B_i' in cohomological degree 0 is Z.
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The term of B_i' in cohomological degree 1 is (P_i ⊗_k e_i Z){-2}.
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The differential of B_i is the evaluation.
The differential of B_i vanishes out of every degree other than -1.
The differential of B_i vanishes into every degree other than 0.
B_i vanishes outside cohomological degrees -1 and 0.
The differential of B_i' is the coevaluation.
The differential of B_i' vanishes out of every degree other than 0.
The differential of B_i' vanishes into every degree other than 1.
B_i' vanishes outside cohomological degrees 0 and 1.