Cyclic cohomology #
The cyclic cochains C_λⁿ(A; M) of an algebra A, the M-valued multilinear maps φ in
n + 1 arguments with φ(aₙ, a₀, …, aₙ₋₁) = (-1)ⁿ φ(a₀, …, aₙ), form a subcomplex of the
Hochschild cochains. This file assembles them into Connes' cyclic cochain complex
cyclicCochainComplex R A M, a cochain complex of R-modules indexed by ℕ, and defines the
cyclic cohomology HCⁿ(A; M) of a unital algebra as its categorical cohomology. This is Connes'
definition by cyclic cochains; over a ring containing ℚ it agrees with the cohomology of the
cyclic bicomplex (TauCeti.RingTheory.CyclicCohomology.Bicomplex).
The cyclic cocycles and coboundaries are also described concretely, as submodules of the cyclic
cochains, and cyclicCohomology.mk sends a cocycle to its class: it is surjective, and its kernel
consists exactly of the coboundaries, so linear maps out of cyclic cohomology are described by
cyclicCohomology.desc. In degree zero there are no coboundaries and the cocycles are
the traces, so HC⁰(A; M) is the module of M-valued traces on A.
A homomorphism of nonunital algebras f : A →ₙₐ[R] B pulls cyclic cochains back along f,
giving a cochain map cyclicCochainComplex R B M ⟶ cyclicCochainComplex R A M and a map on cyclic
cohomology, contravariantly functorial in f. The homomorphism is not required to preserve units,
since the algebra maps from A to the differential graded algebras of cycles need not.
The concrete cocycles and coboundaries are defined for nonassociative, nonunital semirings
when the R-action on M commutes with itself. Associativity is required to show that every
coboundary is a cocycle. A cyclic coboundary vanishes on tuples of cyclically adjacent
quasi-inverse entries, without an associativity assumption. The categorical complex and cohomology
use a commutative ring.
The cochain complex is defined for nonunital algebras. Its cohomology is only named cyclic
cohomology for unital A: the cyclic cohomology of a nonunital algebra is instead defined through
its forced unitization, and in general differs from the cohomology of this complex.
Main definitions #
TauCeti.cyclicCochainComplex: the cyclic cochain complex.TauCeti.cyclicCocycles,TauCeti.cyclicCoboundaries: cyclic cocycles and coboundaries.TauCeti.cyclicCohomology: the cyclic cohomologyHCⁿ(A; M).TauCeti.cyclicCohomology.mk: the class of a cyclic cocycle.TauCeti.cyclicCohomology.desc: the linear map out of cyclic cohomology induced by a linear map on cyclic cocycles vanishing on cyclic coboundaries.TauCeti.cyclicCochainComplexMap,TauCeti.cyclicCohomology.map: pullback along a homomorphism of nonunital algebras, induced byTauCeti.cyclicCochainsMap.
Main results #
TauCeti.apply_eq_zero_of_mem_cyclicCoboundaries_of_add_add_mul_eq_zero: a cyclic coboundary vanishes on a tuple whose cyclically adjacent entries are quasi-inverse.TauCeti.cyclicCohomology.mk_surjective,TauCeti.cyclicCohomology.mk_eq_zero_iff: cyclic cohomology is the quotient of cyclic cocycles by cyclic coboundaries.TauCeti.cyclicCohomology.zeroEquiv,TauCeti.mem_cyclicCocycles_zero_iff:HC⁰(A; M)is the module ofM-valued traces onA.TauCeti.cyclicCohomology.map_id,TauCeti.cyclicCohomology.map_comp: functoriality.
References #
- A. Connes, Noncommutative Geometry, Chapter III, §1.
- J.-L. Loday, Cyclic Homology, §2.1.
The concrete description of cohomology classes through mk follows the pattern of the de Rham
cohomology file TauCeti.Geometry.Manifold.DeRham.Basic.
The cyclic n-cocycles: the cyclic cochains annihilated by the Hochschild coboundary.
Instances For
A cyclic cochain is a cocycle exactly when its Hochschild coboundary vanishes.
The cyclic n-coboundaries: zero in degree zero, and the image of the Hochschild coboundary
of cyclic n-cochains in degree n + 1.
Instances For
There are no nonzero cyclic coboundaries in degree zero.
In positive degree the cyclic coboundaries are the image of the Hochschild coboundary.
A cyclic (n + 1)-cochain is a coboundary exactly when it is the Hochschild coboundary of a
cyclic n-cochain.
A cyclic coboundary vanishes on a tuple whose cyclically adjacent entries xᵢ, xᵢ₊₁ are
quasi-inverse, xᵢ₊₁ + xᵢ + xᵢxᵢ₊₁ = 0.
A cyclic 0-cochain is a cocycle exactly when it is a trace.
The pullback of a cyclic cocycle is a cyclic cocycle.
Every cyclic coboundary is a cyclic cocycle.
Connes' cyclic cochain complex C_λ⁰ → C_λ¹ → ⋯: in degree n the cyclic M-valued
n-cochains on A, with the Hochschild coboundary as differential.
Instances For
The degree-n term of the cyclic cochain complex is the module of cyclic n-cochains.
Instances For
Under the identifications cyclicCochainComplexXIso, the differential of the cyclic cochain
complex is the Hochschild coboundary.
Under the identifications cyclicCochainComplexXIso, the differential of the cyclic cochain
complex is the Hochschild coboundary.
Under the identifications cyclicCochainComplexXIso, the differential of the cyclic cochain
complex is the Hochschild coboundary.
A cyclic cochain is a cyclic cocycle exactly when the differential of the cyclic cochain complex kills it.
The cochain map between cyclic cochain complexes induced by a homomorphism of nonunital algebras.
Instances For
Under the identifications cyclicCochainComplexXIso, the induced cochain map is the pullback
of cyclic cochains. This holds by definition, the identifications being identities.
Under the identifications cyclicCochainComplexXIso, the induced cochain map is the pullback
of cyclic cochains. This holds by definition, the identifications being identities.
Under the identifications cyclicCochainComplexXIso, the induced cochain map is the pullback
of cyclic cochains. This holds by definition, the identifications being identities.
The identity homomorphism induces the identity cochain map.
The induced cochain map is contravariantly functorial.
The cyclic cohomology HCⁿ(A; M) of a unital algebra A with coefficients in M, the
cohomology of the cyclic cochain complex. For M = R this is Connes' cyclic cohomology HCⁿ(A),
defined by cyclic cochains: over a ground ring containing ℚ it agrees with the cohomology of
the cyclic bicomplex (TauCeti.RingTheory.CyclicCohomology.Bicomplex), and over other rings the
two can differ.
Instances For
The cyclic cohomology class of a cyclic cocycle.
Instances For
The class of a cyclic cocycle φ is the homology class of any cycle of the cyclic cochain
complex whose underlying cochain is φ.
Every cyclic cohomology class is the class of a cyclic cocycle.
A cyclic cocycle has zero cohomology class exactly when it is a cyclic coboundary.
Two cyclic cocycles have the same class exactly when they differ by a cyclic coboundary.
In degree zero the class map is injective: there are no nonzero cyclic coboundaries.
HC⁰(A; M) is the module of cyclic 0-cocycles. Every 0-cochain is cyclic
(cyclicCochains_zero) and the 0-cocycles are the traces (mem_cyclicCocycles_zero_iff), so this
identifies HC⁰(A; M) with the module of M-valued traces on A.
Instances For
The equivalence zeroEquiv sends a cyclic 0-cocycle to its class.
Two linear maps out of cyclic cohomology agree once they agree on classes of cocycles.
A linear map on cyclic cocycles that vanishes on cyclic coboundaries descends to cyclic cohomology.
Instances For
The descended map sends the class of a cocycle to the value of the original map.
The descended map composed with the class map is the original map.
The map on cyclic cohomology induced by a homomorphism of nonunital algebras between unital algebras; the homomorphism need not preserve the unit.
Instances For
The induced map sends the class of a cocycle to the class of its pullback.
The identity homomorphism induces the identity on cyclic cohomology.
Cyclic cohomology is contravariantly functorial.